This table provides metadata for the actual indicator available from Ghana statistics closest to the corresponding global SDG indicator. Please note that even when the global SDG indicator is fully available from Ghana statistics, this table should be consulted for information on national methodology and other Ghana-specific metadata information.
| Goal |
Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation |
|---|---|
| Target |
Target 9.4: By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities |
| Indicator |
Indicator 9.4.1: CO2 emission per unit of value added |
| Related indicators |
7.2.1 7.3.1 13.2.2 |
| Definition and concepts |
Definition: Carbon dioxide (here after, CO2) emissions per unit of value added is an indicator computed as a ratio between CO2 emissions from fuel combustion and the value added of associated economic activities. The indicator can be computed for the whole economy (total CO2 emissions/GDP) or for specific sectors, notably the manufacturing sector (CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries per manufacturing value added (MVA)). Concepts: Total CO2 emissions for an economy are estimated based on energy consumption data for all sectors. Energy data is collected at a country level, based on internationally agreed standards (UN International Recommendations on Energy Statistics (IRES)). CO2 emissions need to be estimated based on energy data and on internationally agreed methodologies (2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories). The gross value added measures the contribution to the economy of each individual producer, industry or sector in a country. Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to the sector C defined by International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4, or D defined by ISIC Revision 3. GDP represents the sum of gross value added from all institutional units resident in the economy. |
| Unit of measure |
kg CO2 equivalent per constant 2010 GDP $ |
| Data sources |
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2020 Ghana’s Voluntary National Review Report (VNR), 2022 |
| Data providers |
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
| Data compilers |
National Development Planning Committee (NDPC) |
| Rationale |
The indicator CO2 emissions per unit of value added represents the amount of emissions from fuel combustion produced by an economic activity, per unit of economic output. When computed for the whole economy, it combines effects of the average carbon intensity of the energy mix (linked to the shares of the various fossil fuels in the total); of the structure of an economy (linked to the relative weight of more or less energy-intensive sectors); of the average efficiency in the use of energy. When computed for the manufacturing sector (CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per unit of manufacturing value added), it measures the carbon intensity of the manufacturing economic output, and its trends result from changes in the average carbon intensity of the energy mix used, the structure of the manufacturing sector, the energy efficiency of production technologies in each sub-sector and the economic value of the various output. It should be noted that emission intensities can be reduced through structural changes and product diversification in manufacturing. |
| Data availability and disaggregation |
This data is disaggregated by sectors. |
| Metadata last updated | Nov 14, 2022 |