This table provides metadata for the actual indicator available from Ghana statistics closest to the corresponding global SDG indicator. Please note that even when the global SDG indicator is fully available from Ghana statistics, this table should be consulted for information on national methodology and other Ghana-specific metadata information.
| Goal |
Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation |
|---|---|
| Target |
Target 9.5: Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending |
| Indicator |
Indicator 9.5.1: Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP |
| Related indicators |
2.a.1 2.a.2 12.a.1 14.a.1 17.6.1 |
| Definition and concepts |
Definition: Research and development (R&D) expenditure as a proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the amount of R&D expenditure divided by the total output of the economy. Concepts: The OECD Frascati Manual (OECD, 2015) provides the relevant definitions for research and experimental development, gross domestic expenditure on R&D and researchers. Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge. Expenditures on intramural R&D represent the amount of money spent on R&D that is performed within a reporting unit. |
| Unit of measure |
Percentage (%) |
| Data sources |
Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI), 2022 Ghana’s Voluntary National Review Report (VNR), 2022 |
| Data providers |
Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI) |
| Data compilers |
National Development Planning Committee (NDPC) |
| Rationale |
The indicator is a direct measure of Research and development (R&D) spending referred to in the target. |
| Data availability and disaggregation |
There is no available disaggregation for this indicator. |
| Metadata last updated | Nov 14, 2022 |